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Worker

class Worker
extends EventEmitter

Deno compatibility

The getHeapSnapshot method is not supported.

The Worker class represents an independent JavaScript execution thread. Most Node.js APIs are available inside of it.

Notable differences inside a Worker environment are:

  • The process.stdin, process.stdout, and process.stderr streams may be redirected by the parent thread.
  • The import { isMainThread } from 'node:worker_threads' variable is set to false.
  • The import { parentPort } from 'node:worker_threads' message port is available.
  • process.exit() does not stop the whole program, just the single thread, and process.abort() is not available.
  • process.chdir() and process methods that set group or user ids are not available.
  • process.env is a copy of the parent thread's environment variables, unless otherwise specified. Changes to one copy are not visible in other threads, and are not visible to native add-ons (unless worker.SHARE_ENV is passed as the env option to the Worker constructor). On Windows, unlike the main thread, a copy of the environment variables operates in a case-sensitive manner.
  • process.title cannot be modified.
  • Signals are not delivered through process.on('...').
  • Execution may stop at any point as a result of worker.terminate() being invoked.
  • IPC channels from parent processes are not accessible.
  • The trace_events module is not supported.
  • Native add-ons can only be loaded from multiple threads if they fulfill certain conditions.

Creating Worker instances inside of other Workers is possible.

Like Web Workers and the node:cluster module, two-way communication can be achieved through inter-thread message passing. Internally, a Worker has a built-in pair of MessagePort s that are already associated with each other when the Worker is created. While the MessagePort object on the parent side is not directly exposed, its functionalities are exposed through worker.postMessage() and the worker.on('message') event on the Worker object for the parent thread.

To create custom messaging channels (which is encouraged over using the default global channel because it facilitates separation of concerns), users can create a MessageChannel object on either thread and pass one of theMessagePorts on that MessageChannel to the other thread through a pre-existing channel, such as the global one.

See port.postMessage() for more information on how messages are passed, and what kind of JavaScript values can be successfully transported through the thread barrier.

import assert from 'node:assert';
import {
  Worker, MessageChannel, MessagePort, isMainThread, parentPort,
} from 'node:worker_threads';
if (isMainThread) {
  const worker = new Worker(__filename);
  const subChannel = new MessageChannel();
  worker.postMessage({ hereIsYourPort: subChannel.port1 }, [subChannel.port1]);
  subChannel.port2.on('message', (value) => {
    console.log('received:', value);
  });
} else {
  parentPort.once('message', (value) => {
    assert(value.hereIsYourPort instanceof MessagePort);
    value.hereIsYourPort.postMessage('the worker is sending this');
    value.hereIsYourPort.close();
  });
}

Constructors Jump to heading

new
Jump to headingWorker(
filename: string | URL,
options?: WorkerOptions,
)

Properties Jump to heading

An object that can be used to query performance information from a worker instance. Similar to perf_hooks.performance.

readonly
abstract
Jump to headingresourceLimits: ResourceLimits | undefined

Provides the set of JS engine resource constraints for this Worker thread. If the resourceLimits option was passed to the Worker constructor, this matches its values.

If the worker has stopped, the return value is an empty object.

This is a readable stream which contains data written to process.stderr inside the worker thread. If stderr: true was not passed to the Worker constructor, then data is piped to the parent thread's process.stderr stream.

If stdin: true was passed to the Worker constructor, this is a writable stream. The data written to this stream will be made available in the worker thread as process.stdin.

This is a readable stream which contains data written to process.stdout inside the worker thread. If stdout: true was not passed to the Worker constructor, then data is piped to the parent thread's process.stdout stream.

readonly
Jump to headingthreadId: number

An integer identifier for the referenced thread. Inside the worker thread, it is available as import { threadId } from 'node:worker_threads'. This value is unique for each Worker instance inside a single process.

Jump to headingaddListener(
event: "error",
listener: (err: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingaddListener(
event: "exit",
listener: (exitCode: number) => void,
): this
Jump to headingaddListener(
event: "message",
listener: (value: any) => void,
): this
Jump to headingaddListener(
event: "messageerror",
listener: (error: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingaddListener(
event: "online",
listener: () => void,
): this
Jump to headingaddListener(
event: string | symbol,
listener: (...args: any[]) => void,
): this
Jump to headingemit(
event: "error",
err: Error,
): boolean
Jump to headingemit(
event: "exit",
exitCode: number,
): boolean
Jump to headingemit(
event: "message",
value: any,
): boolean
Jump to headingemit(
event: "messageerror",
error: Error,
): boolean
Jump to headingemit(event: "online"): boolean
Jump to headingemit(
event: string | symbol,
...args: any[],
): boolean

Returns a readable stream for a V8 snapshot of the current state of the Worker. See v8.getHeapSnapshot() for more details.

If the Worker thread is no longer running, which may occur before the 'exit' event is emitted, the returned Promise is rejected immediately with an ERR_WORKER_NOT_RUNNING error.

Jump to headingoff(
event: "error",
listener: (err: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingoff(
event: "exit",
listener: (exitCode: number) => void,
): this
Jump to headingoff(
event: "message",
listener: (value: any) => void,
): this
Jump to headingoff(
event: "messageerror",
listener: (error: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingoff(
event: "online",
listener: () => void,
): this
Jump to headingoff(
event: string | symbol,
listener: (...args: any[]) => void,
): this
Jump to headingon(
event: "error",
listener: (err: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingon(
event: "exit",
listener: (exitCode: number) => void,
): this
Jump to headingon(
event: "message",
listener: (value: any) => void,
): this
Jump to headingon(
event: "messageerror",
listener: (error: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingon(
event: "online",
listener: () => void,
): this
Jump to headingon(
event: string | symbol,
listener: (...args: any[]) => void,
): this
Jump to headingonce(
event: "error",
listener: (err: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingonce(
event: "exit",
listener: (exitCode: number) => void,
): this
Jump to headingonce(
event: "message",
listener: (value: any) => void,
): this
Jump to headingonce(
event: "messageerror",
listener: (error: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingonce(
event: "online",
listener: () => void,
): this
Jump to headingonce(
event: string | symbol,
listener: (...args: any[]) => void,
): this
Jump to headingpostMessage(
value: any,
transferList?: readonly TransferListItem[],
): void

Send a message to the worker that is received via require('node:worker_threads').parentPort.on('message'). See port.postMessage() for more details.

Jump to headingpostMessageToThread(
threadId: number,
value: any,
timeout?: number,
): Promise<void>

Sends a value to another worker, identified by its thread ID.

Jump to headingpostMessageToThread(
threadId: number,
value: any,
transferList: readonly TransferListItem[],
timeout?: number,
): Promise<void>
Jump to headingprependListener(
event: "error",
listener: (err: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependListener(
event: "exit",
listener: (exitCode: number) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependListener(
event: "message",
listener: (value: any) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependListener(
event: "messageerror",
listener: (error: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependListener(
event: "online",
listener: () => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependListener(
event: string | symbol,
listener: (...args: any[]) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependOnceListener(
event: "error",
listener: (err: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependOnceListener(
event: "exit",
listener: (exitCode: number) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependOnceListener(
event: "message",
listener: (value: any) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependOnceListener(
event: "messageerror",
listener: (error: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependOnceListener(
event: "online",
listener: () => void,
): this
Jump to headingprependOnceListener(
event: string | symbol,
listener: (...args: any[]) => void,
): this

Opposite of unref(), calling ref() on a previously unref()ed worker does not let the program exit if it's the only active handle left (the default behavior). If the worker is ref()ed, calling ref() again has no effect.

Jump to headingremoveListener(
event: "error",
listener: (err: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingremoveListener(
event: "exit",
listener: (exitCode: number) => void,
): this
Jump to headingremoveListener(
event: "message",
listener: (value: any) => void,
): this
Jump to headingremoveListener(
event: "messageerror",
listener: (error: Error) => void,
): this
Jump to headingremoveListener(
event: "online",
listener: () => void,
): this
Jump to headingremoveListener(
event: string | symbol,
listener: (...args: any[]) => void,
): this
Jump to headingterminate(): Promise<number>

Stop all JavaScript execution in the worker thread as soon as possible. Returns a Promise for the exit code that is fulfilled when the 'exit' event is emitted.

Calling unref() on a worker allows the thread to exit if this is the only active handle in the event system. If the worker is already unref()ed calling unref() again has no effect.

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